The COP-27 will begin this November 7th in Egypt. There is a degree of expectation as to what topics will be addressed and the state of activities concerning the control, adaptation and mitigation of global warming. In fact, most recently, particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic and, even more recent, the war between Russia and Ukraine, agendas concerning global warming may have been put aside. The COP-27 has the objective of regaining focus, as this is an extremely urgent agenda, especially if we consider that the volume of global GHG emissions has continued to grow.

IPCC Sixth Assessment Report for Climate Change 2022.

The sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) includes contributions from Working Groups I, II and III - these are groups of scientists established by the United Nations to monitor and assess all global science surrounding climate change. Based on input from Working Group II, the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report assesses the impacts of climate change, analyzing ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities at the global and regional levels. It also assesses the vulnerabilities, capacities, and limits of the natural world and human societies to adapt to climate change.

What are the Working Groups that contribute to the IPCC reports?

There are three Working Groups that assist in preparing the IPCC reports. Working GroupI (https://www.ipcc.ch/working-group/wg1/) is responsible for the physical and scientific basis of climate change, Working GroupII (https://www.ipcc.ch/working-group/wg2/) looks at climate change impact, adaptation, and vulnerability, and Working GroupIII (https://www.ipcc.ch/working-group/wg3/) analyzes climate change mitigation.

The IPCC has also established the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI), whose main objective is to develop and refine the methodology for calculating and reporting national greenhouse gas emissions and removals.

The core pillars established by Group II - IPCC AR6 WG2 report - Summary Policymakers.

The average GHG emission levels recorded for the period between 2010 and 2019 were the highest ever when compared to past decades. Despite a slower rate of increase than seen during the years 2000 to 2009, global emission levels are still going up. This illustrates the complexity of tackling climate change and the major responsibility of governments to take practical steps over the shorter term.

In this regard, the report developed by Group II contains the primary areas to be addressed by governments for the creation and implementation of policies that will promote an environment in which actions to control and mitigate GHG emissions can be maximized.

Governance - emphasis on how crucial it is for leaders to be committed to the "climate change" agenda and to adopt a position that fosters a favorable macro-environment for the implementation of policies that will contribute to the creation of viable actions that must be taken by public and/or private entities, as well as civil society.

Financial Resources - investment aligned towards climate resilient development. The ability to carry out climate resilient development is greatly jeopardized at all levels when resources for planning, developing, and implementing actions to control, adapt to, and mitigate GHG emissions are insufficient. Financial resources must be available and accessible in order to boost efforts towards controlling climate change.

Knowledge and training - the creation and sharing of knowledge is also fundamental for the green transition. Accurate information must be provided to those who will be responsible for guiding their communities. Enhancing the value of science and stimulating scientific production, training professionals capable of imparting this knowledge are fundamental to the success of this journey.

Catalytic conditions - the macro-environment must also share the same objectives. The efforts to reduce GHG emissions on the planet will only be successful if the pillars that support a healthy environment for the development of solutions are scientifically well-grounded, along with clear and well-defined agreements and objectives.

Technology - technological development is perhaps the point of convergence of all pillars listed by Working Group II. Without a doubt, technology will be the enabler for this transition - from climate risk to climate resilient development. If we are to reduce GHG emissions and secure a sustainable futureIt is critical to invest, support, and create opportunities that will enable the public and private sectors to develop technology that will support this transition.

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